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вÞìºîìàôÂÚàôÜ

îÜîºê²Î²Ü вðòºðàì

вÚ-²ØºðÆÎÚ²Ü Ð²Ø²îºÔ ²Þʲî²Üø²ÚÆÜ ÊØ´Æ ºðÎðàð¸ Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ Ø²êÆÜ

²ØÜ-áõÙ ÐÐ ¸»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ì³ßÇÝ·ïáÝ

ÐÐ ²¶Ü ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ ì³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ, ºñ¨³Ý

´àì²Ü¸²ÎàôÂÚàôÜ

I. ܺð²ÌàôÂÚàôÜ

II. Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ úð²Î²ð¶Ü àô ä²îìÆð²ÎàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ Î²¼ØÀ

III. Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ ÀܲòøÀ

1. вÞìºîàô Þðæ²ÜàôØ Ð²²Ê-Æ ¶àðÌàôܺàôÂÚ²Ü ÀܸвÜàôð ¶Ü²Ð²î²Î²ÜÀ

2. ÐРβè²ì²ðàôÂÚ²Ü üÆêÎ²È ºì Øàܺî²ð ÊܸÆðܺð

2.1. гñϳѳí³ùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ

2.2. ´³ÝÏ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ Ý»ñùÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñÁ

2.3. ¾Ý»ñ·³ëå³éÙ³Ý ¹ÇÙ³ó í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·³ÝÓáõÙÁ

2.4. г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ д ¨ ²ØÐ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ

3. вڲêî²ÜàôØ Ø²êܲìàð êºÎîàðÆ ¼²ð¶²òàôØ

3.1. ÐáÕÇ Ï³¹³ëïñ³óáõÙ ¨ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ

3.2. гñϳÛÇÝ ¨ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·

3.3. ²ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ ßáõϳ

3.4. ê»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõÙ

3.4.1. ´³ßËÇã ¿Ý»ñ·³ó³Ýó»ñ

3.4.2. ÐÐ ä»ï³Ï³Ý àõÝ»óí³ÍùÇ Ü³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ

3.4.3. ÐÐ ²ídzóÇáÝ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ

4. вڲêî²ÜÆ ¾Üºð¶ºîÆÎ ²Üìî²Ü¶àôÂÚàôÜ

4.1. Æñ³Ý-г۳ëï³Ý ·³½³ÙáõÕ

4.2. гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ²ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ ¾É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³Ý

4.3. ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ѳÛ-éáõë³Ï³Ý ÐÒ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ

4.4. î³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ

4.5. г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ëïáñ·»ïÝÛ³ ·³½³å³Ñ»ëïÇ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ

5. ¸²î²-Æð²ì²Î²Ü ´²ðºöàÊàôØܺð ºì ä²Úø²ð ÎàèàôäòƲÚÆ ¸ºØ

6. ÎðÎܲÎÆ Ð²ðÎàôØÆò Êàôê²öºÈàô زêÆÜ ä²Úزܲ¶Æð

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. ÆÜîºÈºÎîàô²È êºö²Î²ÜàôÂÚ²Ü ä²Þîä²ÜàôÂÚàôÜ, ÐÐ ²Ü¸²Ø²ÎòàôÂÚàôÜÜ ²èºìîðÆ Ð²Ø²ÞʲðвÚÆÜ Î²¼Ø²ÎºðäàôÂÚ²ÜÀ, ºì ÐРβè²ì²ðàôÂÚ²Ü úðºÜê¸ð²Î²Ü ¶ºð²Î²ÚàôÂÚàôÜܺðÀ

8. ²ØÜ ²èºìîð²Î²Ü ºì ܺð¸ðàôزÚÆÜ Ìð²¶ðºðÀ вڲêî²ÜàôØ

8.1. ²ØÜ ²Ý¹ñÍáíÛ³Ý Ø³ëݳíáñ Ü»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Îáñåáñ³ódz (OPIC)

8.2. ²ØÜ ²é¨ïñÇ ¨ ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¶áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ (TDA)

8.2.1. г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ß³ù³ñÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ

8.2.2. ²·ñáµÇ½Ý»ë ¨ ³·ñáïáõñǽÙ

8.2.3. ú¹³ÛÇÝ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏáõÙ

8.2.4. ¶³½Ç å³Ñ»ëï³ñ³ÝÇ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ

8.2.5. г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ûï³ñ»ñÏÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í ·áñͳñ³ñ ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáí

9. ÆÜüàðزòÆàÜ îºÊÜàÈà¶Æ²Üºð

10. êî²Ü¸²ðîܺð ºì êºðîÆüÆβòàôØ

11. ºð²ÞîÆ Ðºîºì²ÜøܺðÆ ìºð²òàôØ

12. òàðºÜÆ ºì ¶²¼Æ 1996 Â. Ìð²¶ðºðÆ ²àô¸ÆîÀ

13. ÐÐ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ Ø²ð¸²Ð²Ø²ðÆ ²ÜòβòàôØ

14. 2001 Â. вڲêî²ÜÆÜ ²ØÜ úIJܸ²ÎàôÂÚ²Ü ÐÆØÜ²Î²Ü àôÔÔàôÂÚàôÜܺðÀ

15. в²Ê 3-ð¸ Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ ¶àôزðØ²Ü ì²ÚðÜ àô IJØκîÀ

 

вìºÈì²Ì 1. в²Ê 1-ÆÜ Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ úð²Î²ð¶Ü àô ²ðҲܲ¶ðàôÂÚàôÜÀ

вìºÈì²Ì 2. ÐÐ-²ØÜ ØÆæ²Î²è²ì²ð²Î²Ü вز¶àð̲ÎòàôÂÚ²Ü ÐàôÞ²¶ÆðÀ

îÜîºê²Î²Ü вðòºðàì вزîºÔ ²Þʲî²Üø²ÚÆÜ ÊàôØ´ êîºÔ̺Èàô زêÆÜ

I. ܺð²ÌàôÂÚàôÜ

2000 Ã. ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇ 12-13-Á ì³ßÇÝ·ïáÝáõÙ ·áõÙ³ñí»ó îÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáí гÛ-²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ²ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ËÙµÇ (в²Ê) 2-ñ¹ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÁ: 1-ÇÝ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ñ áõÝ»ó»É 2000 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇ 8-9-Á, ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ (1-ÇÝ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇ ûñ³Ï³ñ·Ý áõ ²ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óíáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë гßí»ïíáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÏÇó гí»Éí³Í 1-áõÙ):

в²Ê ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙùÁ 2000 Ã. ÑáõÝí³ñÇ 27-ÇÝ ÐÐ ¨ ²ØÜ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ëïáñ³·ñí³Í гٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ðáõß³·ÇñÝ ¿, áñÇ ï»ùëïÁ ÏÇó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ »Ýù (гí»Éí³Í 2):

Àëï ³Û¹ Ðáõß³·ñÇ, ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ²ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ËáõÙµÁ ջϳí³ñáõÙ ¿ üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¿ÏáÝáÙÇϳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ȨáÝ ´³ñËáõ¹³ñÛ³ÝÁ, ÇëÏ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇóª Üáñ³ÝÏ³Ë ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ²ØÜ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·áÕ, ¸»ëå³Ý ´ÇÉÉ Â»ÛÉáñÁ: ÎáÕÙ»ñÝ ²ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ÊáõÙµÁ ¹ÇïáõÙ »Ý ǵñ¨ »ñÏÏáÕ٠ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ýáñáõÙ, áñÁ Ñáí³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¿ ÐРݳ˳·³ÑÇ ¨ ²ØÜ ÷áËݳ˳·³ÑÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:

 

II. Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ úð²Î²ð¶Ü àô ä²îìÆð²ÎàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ Î²¼ØÀ

в²Ê 2-ñ¹ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇ ûñ³Ï³ñ·Á Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ñ.

1. ¼»ÏáõÛó в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇó Ç í»ñ (Ù³ÛÇëÇ 8-9, 2000) ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ

2. г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ

§ سÏñáïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ

§ üÇëÏ³É ËݹÇñÝ»ñ

§ Æñ³í³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ Çñ³í³å³Ñ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ

§ úï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ

§ ²ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ÷áùñ ¨ ÙÇçÇÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ (öØÒ)

3. гϳÏáéáõåóÇáÝ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ ³Û¹ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ó»éݳñÏ»ÉÇù ѻﳷ³ ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ

4. г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ

5. г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ »ñ³ßïÇ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÕóѳñÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ñݳñ³íáñ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·Çñ

6. 2001 ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ï³ñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ ²ØÜ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ

7. ²ÛÉ Ñ³ñó»ñ

в²Ê 2-ñ¹ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ²ØÜ ¿ñ Å³Ù³Ý»É ÐÐ å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÇ Ï³½ÙáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ü³Ë³ñ³ñÝ»ñ ȨáÝ ´³ñËáõ¹³ñÛ³ÝÁ (üÇݳÝë»ñÇ ¨ ¿ÏáÝáÙÇϳ, в²Ê гٳݳ˳·³Ñ); γñ»Ý ÖßÙ³ñÇïÛ³ÝÁ (²é¨ïáõñ ¨ ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ); γñ»Ý ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÁ (¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳ); ¸³íÇà гñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³ÝÁ (²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ); ¾¹áõ³ñ¹ س¹³ÃÛ³ÝÁ (îñ³Ýëåáñï ¨ γå); ²¶ öáËݳ˳ñ³ñ èáõµ»Ý Þáõ·³ñÛ³ÝÁ; ²¶Ü ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇ í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý å»ï ²ñÙ»Ý º¹Ç·³ñÛ³ÝÁ: ä³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½Ùáõ٠в²Ê ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ý³¨ ²ØÜ-áõÙ ÐÐ ²ñï³Ï³ñ· ¨ Èdz½áñ ¸»ëå³Ý ²ñÙ³Ý ÎÇñ³ÏáëÛ³ÝÁ ¨ ì³ßÇÝ·ïáÝáõÙ ÐÐ ¸»ëå³Ýáñ¹-ܳ˳ñ³ñ ²ñÙ»Ý Ê³ñ³½Û³ÝÁ:

²ØÜ-Çó ²ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ËáõÙµÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ñ ³í³· ÙÇç·»ñ³ï»ëã³Ï³Ý ÃÇÙáíª Üáñ³ÝÏ³Ë ä»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ²ØÜ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·áÕ, ¸»ëå³Ý ´ÇÉÉ Â»ÛÉáñÇ ·É˳íáñáõÃÛ³Ùµ: в²Ê-ÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ý³¨ ²ØÜ üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ, ²é¨ïñÇ, ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ, ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý, ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ä»ï³Ï³Ý ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÇ, ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¶áñͳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý (USAID), ²é¨ïñÇ ¨ ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¶áñͳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý (TDA), ²é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý Ü»ñϳ۳óáõóãÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ (USTR), γëåÛ³Ý ²í³½³ÝÇ ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ¸Çí³Ý³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·áÕÇ (S/CBED) Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñ: Üëï³ßñç³ÝÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ý³¨ öáËݳ˳·³Ñ ¶áñǪ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ²Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ·Íáí ÊáñÑñ¹³Ï³Ý È»áÝ üáõñÃÁ, öáËݳ˳·³ÑÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã êû¹Ù³Ý ÐÇÝùÉÇÝ, ²½·³ÛÇÝ ²Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ÊáñÑñ¹Ç èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ, àõÏñ³ÇݳÛÇ ¨ ºíñ³ëdzÛÇ Ñ³ñó»ñÇ Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·áÕ æáÝ ¾Éù³ÛݹÁ, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ²ØÜ ¸»ëå³Ý سÛùÉ È»ÙÙáÝÁ, ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ²ØÜ ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ USAID-Ç ³é³ù»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñ:

 

III. Üêî²Þðæ²ÜÆ ÀܲòøÀ

1. вÞìºîàô Þðæ²ÜàôØ Ð²²Ê-Æ ¶àðÌàôܺàôÂÚ²Ü ÀܸвÜàôð ¶Ü²Ð²î²Î²ÜÀ

Üëï³ßñç³ÝÁ µ³óí»ó в²Ê гٳݳ˳·³ÑÝ»ñ ´ÇÉÉ Â»ÛÉáñÇ ¨ ȨáÝ ´³ñËáõ¹³ñÛ³ÝÇ »ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñáí: гٳݳ˳·³ÑÝ»ñÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³Ý 1-ÇÝ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇó Ç í»ñ ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, ¨ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»óÇÝ ËÙµÇ ³éç¨ ³Ûëûñ ͳé³ó³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ:

Üßí»ó, áñ ѳßí»ïáõ ųٳݳϳßñç³ÝáõÙ ÊÙµÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ »Õ»Éª (³) Ýå³ëï»É г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï³óÙ³ÝÁ; ¨ (µ) ÁݹɳÛÝ»É ÐÐ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Àݹ·Íí»ó ݳ¨, áñ ܳ˳·³Ñ øáã³ñÛ³ÝǪ 2000 Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇÝ ì³ßÇÝ·ïáÝ Ï³ï³ñ³Í ³ÛóÁ ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý Ýå³ëï»É ¿, áñ ²ØÜ ï³ñµ»ñ ·»ñ³ï»ëãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ¿’É ³í»ÉÇ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇÝ:

гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ѳëï³ï»ó »ñÏñáõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³é³ç ÙÕ»Éáõª ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ø»ñ å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¶áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ìñ³·ÇñÁ, ¨ Ýß»ó, áñ ¹ñ³ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ëå³ëíáõÙ ¿, áñ ³é³çÇϳ 8-12 ³ÙëáõÙ ÐÐ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ½·³ÉÇ ³é³çÁÝóó ÏÉÇÝÇ:

²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í Ìñ³·ÇñÝ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ÃáÕÝáõÙ, û¨ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó Ù»Ï Ýϳï»ÉÇ Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝǪ 270 Ï»ï å³ñáõݳÏáÕ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ó³ÝÏÇó Ñݳñ³íáñ 㿠ѳëϳݳÉ, û ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ç±Ýã ë³Ý¹Õ³Ïáí ¿ ³é³çÝáñ¹íáõÙ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ØdzųٳݳÏ, ³Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÁ ó³Ýϳó³Ý Ýß»É Ý³¨ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ³×Ç ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ µ³½Ù³½³Ý³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: àõß³·ñ³í ѳٳñí»ó ѳïϳå»ë ³ÛÝ, áñ í»ñçÇÝ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí ºíñ³ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ûëûñ ¹³éÝáõÙ ¿ ÐÐ ·É˳íáñ ³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ, ÇëÏ ²ØÜ-Á 3-ñ¹ ï»ÕÝ ¿ µ³ñÓñ³ó»Éª ѳçáñ¹»Éáí èáõë³ëï³ÝÇÝ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳÙá½ÙáõÝù ѳÛïÝ»ó, áñ »Ã» г۳ëï³ÝÁ ϳñáճݳ ËóݻÉ, ûñÇݳÏ, áëÏ»ñãáõÃÛ³Ý, ûè, ùÇÙdzϳÝ, ëÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ ÷áùñ áõ ÙÇçÇÝ Ó»éݳñϳïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³å³ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙÁ Ýáñ ËÃ³Ý Ïëï³Ý³: Ƶñ¨ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ù³Ûɪ åñÝ. »ÛÉáñÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»ó áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É, ûñÇݳÏ, г۳ëï³ÝÇó ²ØÜ ³¹³Ù³Ý¹Ç áõÕÇÕ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁª ³ë»Éáí, áñ ³Û¹ áÉáñïáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÁ ûñ¨ë ϳñáÕ ¿ û·ïí»É û’ Æëñ³Û»ÉÇó ²ØÜ ³¹³Ù³Ý¹Ç ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓÇó, ¨ û’ ųݳٳÏÇÝ ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí Æëñ³Û»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ²ØÜ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÇÝÏáñåáñ³óí³Í ³ñïáÝÛ³É Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ å³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÇó:

ì»ñ³¹³éݳÉáí ³í»ÉÇ ëϽµáõÝù³ÛÇÝ ùÝݳñÏٳݪ ¸»ëå³Ý »ÛÉáñÁ Ýß»ó, áñ í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÝï»ùëïáõÙ, ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ в²Ê-Ç ³é³çݳѻñà »ñÏáõ ËݹÇñ ¿ ѳٳñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³íáõÙÝ áõ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ: ²Û¹ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ, в²Ê ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ý³Ë³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉáõ ¿ ³ÏïÇí ³ß˳ï³Ýù ï³Ý»É 3 ϳñ·Ç ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï. (1) ³Ù»ñÇÏ³Ñ³Û Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù; (2) ²ØÜ ý»¹»ñ³É ·»ñ³ï»ëãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ; ¨ (3) ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (²ØÐ/д):

ØdzųٳݳÏ, ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ³ÝÏ³Ë ÊÙµÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ѳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ç³Ýù»ñÁ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ÏáõݻݳÝ, »Ã» г۳ëï³ÝÝ ÇÝùÁ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ϳÙù ѳݹ»ë µ»ñǪ ß³ñáõݳϻÉáõ ýÇëÏ³É µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ¨ ѳϳ½¹»Éáõ »ñÏñáõÙ ï³ñ³Íí³Í ÏáéáõåódzÛÇÝ: ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ÇÝãå»ë ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ, ѳçáñ¹ ù³ÛÉÝ ³ÛÅ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇÝÝ ¿: ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñ¹ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇÝ, ûñÇݳϪ ÏáéáõåódzÛÇÝ Ï³Ù ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, ³å³ µÝ³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ ³Ûëï»Õ ³é³çÁÝóó áõݻݳÉáõ ѳٳñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ß³ñáõݳÏÇ ëï³Ý³É ÉdzñÅ»ù ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:

êϽµáõÝù³ÛÇÝ ³éáõÙáí, ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ß»ßïáõÙ ¿, áñ ÐÐ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý í»ñ»ÉùÇ »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñÝ ûñ·³Ý³å»ë å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í »Ý È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ñ³Ï³Ù³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñٳٵ: ØdzųٳݳÏ, ³Ûëûñ ³ñ¹»Ý ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ç³Ýù»ñ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É, áñáÝù ÏËÃ³Ý»Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ »ñÏñáõÙ ·áñͳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ïëï»Õͻݪ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Ë³Õ³Õ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ²ØÜ-áõÙ ·ïÝáõÙ »Ý, áñ Ù»ñ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³·³ÕÃÝ ³ÛÅÙ ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ã³÷»ñÇ ¿ ѳë»É, ¨ »Ã» Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ ãëï»ÕÍí»Ý, ³å³ ³ÛÝ Ù»Í Ã³÷áí ß³ñáõݳÏí»Éáõ ¿:

ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, г۳ëï³ÝÝ ³Ûɨë ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ñ³å³Õ»Éª Ñáõë³Éáí, û ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»Éáõó Ñ»ïá ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ ϳéáÕç³Ý³: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿, áñ ·áÝ» ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ ë»ÏïáñÝ»ñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÁ Ó·ïÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙ ³å³Ñáí»Éª Ñ»Ýí»Éáí ³ÛÉ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ѳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²ØÜ-Ç Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ³Û¹ ë»ÏïáñÝ»ñÝ »Ý. (1) µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ; (2) ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÝ; (3) ïáõñǽÙÁ; (4) ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ; (5) µ³ÝϳÛÇÝ ¨ (6) ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·»ñÁ:

¸»ëå³Ý »ÛÉáñÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ²ØÜ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í»ÉÇ ÉdzñÅ»ù ÏÛáõñ³óíÇ, »Ã» Ù»ñ γé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáճݳ »ñÏñáõ٠ѳëï³ï»É ûñ»ÝùÇ ·»ñÇß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³å³ÑáíÇ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ã³÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ñÙ³ï³íáñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó ¿ÃÇϳ, Ó¨³íáñÇ íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·, ¨ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ·áñͳñ³ñ ÙÃÝáÉáñïÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÁ, ³å³ ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÁ, ³ÛÉ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ áõ Ù³ëݳíáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ, ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ ÙÝ³É ³ÛÝ Ï³ñÍÇùÇÝ, áñ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Ùï³ÍÇ úï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ Ü»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý ÊáñÑáõñ¹ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²ØÜ-Ç Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ³Û¹ ÊáñÑáõñ¹Ý ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ Çñ ³é³ç³ñÏÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝÇ »ñÏñáõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÏÉÇÙ³ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ¨ ÐÐ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ó¨³íáñ»Éáõ í»ñµ»ñÛ³É, Áëï ³Û¹Ù û·Ý»Éáí ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕÝ»ñÇݪ ³í»ÉÇ Ñëï³Ï å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É, ÇÝãå»ë ¿ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³½¹áõÙ ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý íñ³:

 

2. ÐРβè²ì²ðàôÂÚ²Ü üÆêÎ²È ºì Øàܺî²ð ÊܸÆðܺð

²Ûë ËݹñÇ ßáõñç ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ ÁÝóó³í áã-ýáñÙ³É ³ÏïÇí »ñÏËáëáõÃÛ³Ùµ, áñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ²ØÜ ÏáÕÙÇó ǵñ¨ ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ý¹»ë »Ï³í ²ØÜ üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ ¸»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÁ:

вðβвì²øÆ Ì²ì²ÈܺðÀ. êϽµÇó ¨»Ã Ýß»Éáí, áñ ѳßí»ïáõ ßñç³Ýáõ٠г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ѳñϳѳí³ùÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÇ ³× ¿ Ýϳïí»Éª ²ØÜ ÏáÕÙÁ Ëݹñ»ó å³ñ½³µ³Ý»Éª ³ñ¹Ûá±ù ¹³ µ³ó³éÇÏ Ï³Ù ë»½áݳÛÇÝ »ñ¨áõÛà ¿, û± ûñÇݳã³÷ ¿, ¨ µËáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇó: ÐÐ ÏáÕÙÁ å³ñ½³µ³Ý»ó, áñ ѳñϳѳí³ùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³Û¹ ³×Á ϳåí³Í ¿ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ËáõÙµ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ïª ëÏë³Í ϳñ׳ųÙÏ»ï, ¹ñí³·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇó, ¨ í»ñç³óñ³Í ÑÇÙݳíáñ, ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí, áñáÝù ³Ûëûñ Çñáù ëÏëáõÙ »Ý ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ µ»ñ»É: гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ íϳ۳Ïáã»ó ²ñٻݻÉÇ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ; ѳñϳÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ; ³Ïóǽ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³ñÏ»ñÇ Ýí³½»óáõÙÝ áõ ½áõ·³Ñ»é³µ³ñª ¹ñ³Ýó ѳí³ùÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙÁ: ¸ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ Ýßí»óÇÝ Ý³¨ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñ¹³ßݳϻóÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ìñ³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ï³ñíáÕ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ûñÇݳÏ, ϳñ·³íáñí»É ¿ ´³·ñ³ï³ß»ÝÇ Ù»Í³Í³Ë ßáõϳÛÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ƶñ¨ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝ Ýßí»ó ³ÛÝ, áñ 2000 Ã. ³åñÇÉÇó г۳ëï³ÝÁ ·ñ³Ýó»É ¿ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³×: سëݳíáñ³å»ë, 2000 Ã. ³é³çÇÝ 7 ³ÙëáõÙ, ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ ÝáõÛÝ ßñç³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ ³×»É ¿ 18%-áíª óáõó³ÝÇß, áñÝ ³ÝϳÝËáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³µ³ñÓñÝ ¿:

 

´²ÜκðÆ ÎàÔØÆò Æð²Î²Ü²òìàÔ ÜºðøÆÜ üÆܲÜê²ìàðØ²Ü îàÎà겸ðàôÚøܺðÀ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ µ³ÝÏ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ Ý»ñùÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇÝ: àÕçáõÝ»Éáí ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Çç»óÙ³Ý ÙÇïáõÙÝ»ñÁ (Ý»ñϳÛÇëª ï³ñ»Ï³Ý 22-24%)ª ²ØÜ-Á ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç µ³ñÓñ ï»Ùå ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ »ÝóñÏ»É: Àëï ³Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÇ, Ù»ñ µ³ÝϳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ¹»é¨ë ËÇëï µ³ñÓñ ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñ »Ý ·áñÍáõÙ, ¨ ݳ¨ª ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÙ »Ý ϳñ׳ųÙÏ»ï í³ñÏ»ñÁ. ë³ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ýå³ëï»É »ñÏñáõÙ öØÒ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ:

¾Üºð¶²êä²èØ²Ü ¸Æزò ìÖ²ðàôØܺðÆ ¶²ÜÒàôØÀ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ å³ñ½³µ³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ Ëݹñ»ó µ³ßËÇã ó³Ýó»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ úñ»ÝùÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: ²Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÁ Ùï³Ñá·í³Í »Ý, áñ ûñ»ÝùÁ å»ï³Ï³Ý ¹áï³ódzݻñ ¿ ݳ˳ï»ëáõÙ Ï»Ýó³Õëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý áÉáñïÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ëå³éáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ØÜ üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, Ù»ñ γé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝ ã³÷ ë»ÕÙÇ ´Ûáõç»Ç ѳßíÇÝ Ï³ï³ñíáÕ ¹áï³ódzݻñÁ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹³ ϳñáÕ ¿ µ³ó³ë³µ³ñ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝ³É IMF-Ç ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ¨ ѻ勉µ³ñª ݳ¨ д SAC í³ñÏ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý íñ³: гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ, Ç å³ï³ëË³Ý ³Ûë ѳñó³¹ñÙ³Ý, Ýß»ó, áñ Çñáù, 2000 Ã. ´Ûáõç»áí γé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ 7.5 ÙÉñ¹ ¹ñ³Ù ¹áï³ódz ¿ ݳ˳ï»ë»É, áñå»ë½Ç ³å³ÑáíÇ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ïñ³ÝëåáñïÇ áõ çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý (ËÙ»Éáõ/áéá·Ù³Ý) ³Ý˳÷³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ø»ñ ÏáÕÙÁ ݳ¨ ³í»É³óñ»ó, áñ ³Û¹ 7.5 ÙÉñ¹Á ´Ûáõç»Ç ̳ë»ñÇ Ù³ëáõÙ (260 ÙÉñ¹ ¹ñ³Ù) ß³ï ѳٻëï ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ. ѻ勉µ³ñ, ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ Ï»Ýë³Ï³Ý ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¹áï³óÇáÝ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ 7.5 ÙÉñ¹ ¹ñ³ÙÇ áõÕÕáõÙÁ ûñ¨ë ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳëϳݳÉ:

 

вڲêî²ÜÆÜ ²ØºðÆÎÚ²Ü ²æ²ÎòàôÂÚàôÜÀ д ºì ²ØÐ Þðæ²Ü²ÎܺðàôØ. ²Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáí ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ý»ñϳÛÇë ûñ³Ï³ñ·Çݪ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ѳëϳÝáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁª Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝ ã³÷ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É í³ñÏ»ñÇ, ѳïϳå»ëª SAC-III-Ç µ³óÃáÕáõÙÝ áõ SAC-IV-Ç µ³Ý³ÏóáõÙÁ: ²ØÜ-Á ϳëÏ³Í ãáõÝÇ, áñ ³Ûë í×éáñáß Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍáõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³é³çÙÕ»Éáõ ѳٳñ г۳ëï³ÝÝ Çñáù ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Éáõñç ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÇùÝ áõÝÇ: ¸»ëå³Ý »ÛÉáñÁ Ýϳï»ó, áñ û¨ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ß³ñáõݳÏÇ ë»ñïáñ»Ý ³ß˳ï»É ²ØÐ-Ç ¨ д-Ç Ñ»ï, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÝ ¿É Çñ»Ýó Ñ»ñÃÇÝ ÏÓ·ï»Ý ³ç³Ïó»É: äñÝ. »ÛÉáñÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ѳÙá½í»Ý, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÝ Çñáù Ï»Ýë³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿, áñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ Ýáñ ÉÇóù ¿ Ó»éù µ»ñ»É, ¨ áñ »ñÏñÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ µ³ñ»É³íí»É ¿, ÇëÏ éÇëϳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁª Ýí³½»É: äñÝ. »ÛÉáñÁ ݳ¨ ³í»É³óñ»ó, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Éáõñç ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÇ Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñÁ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ »Ý ûñ·³Ý³å»ë ϳåí³Í ÙÝ³É ÈÔ Ñ³Ï³Ù³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùÇó:

 

3. вڲêî²ÜàôØ Ø²êܲìàð êºÎîàðÆ ¼²ð¶²òàôØ

Àëï ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ, ÐÐ ýÇëÏ³É áõ ÙáÝ»ï³ñ åñáµÉ»ÙÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éÝ»ñÝ ³í»ÉÇ ËáñÝ »Ý, ù³Ý ³ÛÝ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, û ¹ñ³Ýù ͳ·»É »Ý ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 27-ÇÝ: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, ÐÐ Ù³ëݳíáñ ë»ÏïáñáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ó³ÝϳÉÇ Í³í³ÉÁ ãÇ ³å³ÑáííáõÙ ³ÛÝ å³ï׳éáí, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳïáõÏ ³Ùáõñ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñ ¹»é¨ë ãáõÝÇ: ¸»ëå³Ý »ÛÉáñÇ ³Ûë ѳñó³¹ñÙ³Ý Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ Ù³ëݳíáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³íٳݪ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ·»ÍáõÙ ³é³ÝÓݳѳïáõÏ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ïñíáõÙ »ñÏñáõÙ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ϳÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³·³ ³Ùñ³åݹٳÝÝ áõ ³Ùáõñ ¹³ï³-Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ:

²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï ѳñÏ Ñ³Ù³ñ»ó Ýß»É, áñ Ù³ëݳíáñ ë»ÏïáñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳñ¨áñ ÙÇ ß³ñù áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÝ Çñáù áõÝ»ó»É ¿ ѳçáÕí³Í Íñ³·ñ»ñ: úñÇݳÏ, Ý»ñ¹ñí»É ¨ ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ »Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßí³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÁ; ½³ñ·³ÝáõÙ ¿ ìñ³ëï³ÝÇ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ; ½·³ÉÇ ³é³çÁÝÃ³ó ¿ ³ñӳݳ·ñí»É ÑáÕÇ Ï³¹³ëïñ³óÙ³Ý áõ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñáõÙ:

ÐàÔÆ Î²¸²êîð²òàôØ ºì ¶ð²ÜòàôØ. ²ØÜ-Á ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑí³Í ÑáÕÇ Ï³¹³ëïñ³óÙ³Ý áõ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ѳïϳå»ë ϳñ¨áñ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ Ù³ëݳíáñ ë»ÏïáñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ¨ ѻ勉µ³ñ, å»ïù ¿ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»Ý í³Û»É»É û’ ²ØÜ ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ, ¨ û’ ÙÛáõë ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ (д, ºØ) ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ²ØÜ-Á ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ѳٳñáõÙ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÝ úñ»Ýù ÁݹáõÝÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³Ï ·ïÝíáÕ ÑáÕÇ ûï³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ:

вðβÚÆÜ ºì زøê²ÚÆÜ Ð²Ø²Î²ð¶. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ ³ç³ÏóáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ å³ñ½»óí³Í ѳñϳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· ÏÇñ³é»Éáõª ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ¨ ϳñÍáõÙ ¿, áñ ³ÛÝ ÏáÕçáõÝíÇ Ù³ëݳíáñ ·áñͳñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: ²Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ýßí»ó, áñ USAID-Ý, гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ áõ ²ñÅáõÛÃÇ ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÐÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳï»Õ, ³ß˳ïáõÙ »Ý ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ïª Ñݳñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñ Ù߳ϻÉáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ºñÏáõëï»ù Ýßí»ó ݳ¨, áñ в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõ٠ӻ鵻ñí³Í å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, 2000 Ã. û·áëïáëÇÝ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í³· å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñÇ ÙÇ å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»É ¿ ѳñϳÛÇÝ áõ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ²ØÜ ²é¨ïñÇ ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í Íñ³·ñÇÝ: ²Ûë Íñ³·ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ áõëáõÙݳëÇñí»É »Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ËݹÇñÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ³Ïóǽ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÏÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñáõÙÝ áõ ·áñͳ¹ñÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ; Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý· ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¹»Ù å³Ûù³ñÇ ï³ÏïÇϳÝ; ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇßÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ; ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳñϳÛÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÝ áõ ѳñϳÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñáõÙÁ; ѳñϳÛÇÝ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ åñ³ÏïÇϳÝ; »Ï³Ùï³Ñ³ñÏáõÙÁ; ëå³éÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÏáõÙÁ; ϳåÇï³ÉÇ Ñ³ñÏáõÙÁ ¨Ý: ºñÏáõëï»ù ϳñÍÇù ѳÛïÝí»ó, áñ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ÏÝå³ëïÇ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ åñáý»ëÇáÝ³É Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ áõ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ, ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ ÁݹɳÛÝ»É »ñÏÏáÕÙ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÏáÝï³ÏïÝ»ñÁ, ¨ ÑÇÙù Ϲ³éݳ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï³Ï³Ý »ñÏËáëáõÃÛ³Ý: в²Ê ÝÇëïÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í ݳ¨ ÐРسùë³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ USAID-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó ïñíáÕ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: Üßí»ó, áñ USAID-Ý ³í³ñï»É ¿ ÐÐ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ¹Ç³·ÝáëïÇÏ ½»ÏáõÛóÁª Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ³é¨ïñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ ËáãÁݹáïáÕ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÁ, ¨ ³ÛÅ٠ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ ¿ Ùß³ÏáõÙ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï»ó 2000 Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇÝ ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó سùë³ÛÇÝ Ýáñ úñ»Ýë·ñùÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙÁ, ¨ ÑáõÛë ѳÛïÝ»ó, áñ ³ÛÝ ÏÝå³ëïÇ ³é¨ïñÇ ³ßËáõųóÙ³ÝÁ: Üßí»ó, áñ USAID-Á ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï³ñí³ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ñ¹»Ý ýáݹ»ñ ¿ µÛáõç»ï³íáñ»Éª ÐРѳñϳÛÇÝ, ýÇëÏ³É ¨ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ûųݹ³Ï»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí (Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ëÏë»Éáõ »Ý 2001 Ã.): Üßí»ó ݳ¨, áñ ³ÛÅÙ ³ñ¹»Ý USAID-Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙ ÐÐ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇݪ ÙÇÝ㨠ï³ñ»í»ñç Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ϳåÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ µ³ñ»É³í»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²Ûë ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ßÝáñÑÇí ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ Ï»ï»ñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ëï³Ý³Éáõ ϳåí»É Ù³ùë³ïÝ»ñÇ, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï, áñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ µ³ñ»É³íí»Éáõ ¿ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙÝ áõ µ³ñ»É³íí»Éáõ ¿ Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù ï³ñíáÕ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ: USAID-Ý ³ÏÝϳÉáõÙ ¿, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇÝ Ï¹ÇÙÇ Ý³¨ ´³·ñ³ï³ß»ÝÇ ßáõϳÛÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ëݹñ³Ýùáí, ¨ å³ïñ³ëï ¿ Áݹ³é³ç»É, »Ã» ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝÓÝ ³éÝÇ µ³ñ»É³í»É ³Û¹ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÁ: øÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í ݳ¨ ÐÐ ¨ ìñ³ëï³ÝÇ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁª Ýß»Éáí, áñ ³ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³é³çÇÝ ù³ÛÉÁ ÉÇÝ»É ¹»åÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ¹³ßïÇ Ý»ñ¹³ßݳϻóáõÙ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ·áÑáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó, áñ ³Ûë ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ßÝáñÑÇí Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ¹³éÝáõ٠ϳÝË»É Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý· ³åñ³ÝùÇ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ëª ëÇ·³ñ»ïÇ ÙáõïùÁ г۳ëï³Ý:

²ðĺÂÔºðÆ Þàôβ. ºñÏáõëï»ù ϳñ¨áñí»ó 2000 Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 6-ÇÝ ²ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ ßáõϳÛÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ÐÐ úñ»ÝùÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙÁ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ ¿ ²ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ Ð³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí: ²Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ, USAID-Á ѳÛïÝ»ó, áñ Ùï³¹Çñ ¿ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Çñ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁª Ëñ³Ëáõë»Éáí Ù³ëݳíáñ ë»ÏïáñÇ ³í»ÉÇ É³ÛÝ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ µ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Ï³Ý (Ïáñåáñ³ïÇí) å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ:

êºö²Î²Ü²ÞÜàðÐàôØ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ û¨ 2000 Ã. ëϽµÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý ï»Ùå»ñÁ áñáß Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝ ¿ÇÝ Ñ³ñáõó»É, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³ÛÅÙ ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, û ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ïñ³ëï ¿ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõÙÁª ëå³ëí³Í ó÷áí:

´²ÞÊÆ⠾ܺð¶²ò²Üòºð. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ³Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³Ù»Ý³³é³çݳѻñà ËݹÇñÁ ÐÐ ãáñë ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý µ³ßËÇã ó³Ýó»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõÙÝ ¿: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ áÕçáõÝ»ó ÑáõÉÇëÇÝ ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÁݹáõÝí³Í ûñ»ÝùÁª ³Û¹ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõÙÝ ³ñïáÝ»Éáõ Ù³ëÇÝ, ¨ ·áÑáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó ûݹ»ñÇ áñ³ÏÛ³É Ù³ëݳÏÇó 4 ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý AES Silk Road-Á: ºñÏáõëï»ù ÝϳïÇ ³éÝí»ó, áñ ¨ë Ù»Ï ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÁÝïñí»É ¿ ǵñ¨ ³Ûë ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ: Üßí»ó, áñ в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ »ñÏáõ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É ¿ÇÝ Ñ»ï³·³ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñ áõݻݳɪ ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõÇ í³ñÓÙ³Ý ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙÁ ·ïÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ USAID-Ý å³ñ½³µ³Ý»ó, áñ û¨ å³ïñ³ëï ¿, Ç Ñ³í»ÉáõÙÝ Ð´ ѳïϳóÙ³Ý, Éñ³óáõóÇã ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ð´ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÝ»ñÝ ³Ûë Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ »Ý, ÇëÏ USAID-Ý áñ¨¿ ³ÛÉ Ù»Ë³Ýǽ٠ãáõÝÇ, áñÇ ÙÇçáóáí ϳñáճݳ ³Ûë å³ÑÇÝ ÝÙ³Ý ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ ³å³Ñáí»É: ²é³ç ³ÝóÝ»Éáíª ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ϳñ¨áñ»ó, áñ µ³ßËÇã ó³Ýó»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõÙÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíÇ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ Ã³÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²ØÜ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ Áݹ·Í»ó, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, ÙñóáõóÛÇÝ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ ×ß·ñÇï å³ïñ³ëïÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁª Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ³ÛÝ, áñ ¹ñ³Ýù å³ñáõÝ³Ï»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ. (³) ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõ٠ϳï³ñáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç¨ Ñëï³Ï ÁÙµéÝáõÙ ãÙáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³Ý ³Ýç³ï»Éáõ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ϳñ·Ç Ù³ëÇÝ; (µ) Ù»Í³Í³Ë ¨ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ë³Ï³·Ý»ñÁ; (·) ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ñëï³Ï ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ; (¹) ßáõϳÛáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ ÝáñÙ»ñÝ áõ ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÁ; (») ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ; (½) ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ - µ³ßËáõÙ Ñëï³Ï ϳåÁ: Æñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, ÐÐ ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ γñ»Ý ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ûë ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ ³ß˳ï»Éáõ ¿ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝ ã³÷ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ¨ ó÷³ÝóÇϪ ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí »Õ³Í ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý ÷áñÓÁ:

ÐÐ äºî²Î²Ü àôܺòì²ÌøÆ Ü²Ê²ð²ðàôÂÚ²Ü ¶àðÌàôܺàôÂÚàôÜÀ. в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõ٠ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ Ó»éùµ»ñí»É, áñ USAID-Ý Ïí»ñ³½ÝÝÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ Çñ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¨ ³é³ç³ñÏÝ»ñ ÏÝ»ñϳ۳óÝǪ ³ÛÝ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ ϳ٠³ÛÉ áÉáñïÝ»ñ áõÕÕ»Éáõ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: USAID-Ý ³Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ù³Ï ¿ñ ÑÕ»É ÐÐ ä»ï³Ï³Ý àõÝ»óí³ÍùÇ Ü³Ë³ñ³ñÇÝ, ͳÝáõó»Éáí ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÁ ÙÇÝ㨠2000 Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ »ñϳñ³Ó·»Éáõª Çñ áñáßÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: ܳٳÏáõ٠ݳ¨ Ýßí»É ¿ñ, áñ USAID-Ý ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ ¿ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï»ÝïñáݳóÝ»É ëïñ³ï»·Ç³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ã³÷³ÝóÇÏ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý íñ³, ¨ áñ µ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³Ïáí ûݹ»ñÝ»ñÇ ³ÝóϳóáõÙÝ ³ÛÝ ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáÝÝ ¿, áñáí ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»Éáõ ¿ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ å³Ûٳݳíáñ»Éáõ Íñ³·ñáõÙ USAID-Ç Ñ»ï³·³ Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙÁ:

²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ Ù»ñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÏáÝï»ùëïáõÙ, ³Ûëûñ ã³÷³½³Ýó ·Ý³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ ¿ ÐÐ ä»ï³Ï³Ý áõÝ»óí³ÍùÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ: ´³ßËÇã ó³Ýó»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõ٠ϳéáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý áõÕ»·ÇÍ í³ñ»Éáõó ½³ï, ³Ûë ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É ¿ ݳ¨ ÙÇÝ㨠ï³ñ»í»ñç µ³ó ϳÝËÇÏ Ã»Ý¹»ñáí ¨ë 13 ëïñ³ï»·Ç³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑ»Éáõ Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݪ ÙÇ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³Ýù, áñÝ ²ØÜ ÏáÕÙÁ ¹ÇïáõÙ ¿ ǵñ¨ ϳñ¨áñ áõ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ù³Ûɪ ¹»åÇ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñÇ ÉdzñÅ»ù í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óáõÙ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ï»ÕÛ³Ï ¿ ݳ¨ ܳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁª í»ñ³Ý³Û»Éáõ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Éáõͳñٳݪ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ Ï³ñ·Á, ¨ Ù߳ϻÉáõ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûñ»Ýù, áñáí ÉáõͳñÙ³Ý å³ñ½»óí³Í ϳñ· Ïë³ÑÙ³ÝíÇ ³ÛÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝó áõÝ»óí³ÍùÁ Ñݳñ³íáñ ·Ýáñ¹ÇÝ ãÇ ·ñ³íáõÙ: ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, ÐÐ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ÛëåÇëÇ Ñ³ÝÓݳéáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ, USAID-Á å»ïù ¿ ß³ñáõݳÏÇ Ù»ñ γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï Çñ ë»ñï ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ:

ÐÐ ²ìƲòÆàÜ ºÜ²βèàôìò²ÌøÆ ¼²ð¶²òàôØÀ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï»ó ³ÛÝ, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñ µ³ó Ï»ñåáí ùÝݳñÏáõÙ »Ý гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ²ídzáõÕÇÝ»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑáõÙÁ: ò³ÝϳݳÉáí ³Ûë ËݹÇñÁ ¹Çï»É ǵñ¨ ÐÐ ³ídzóÇáÝ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ÕϳóáõóÇã Ù³ëª ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ï»Õ»Ï³óñ»ó, áñ ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÁ å³ïñ³ëï ¿ ûųݹ³Ï»É ²ídzáõÕÇÝ»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³ÝÁ: ²Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ »ÉáõÛà áõÝ»ó³í ÐÐ îñ³ÝëåáñïÇ ¨ ϳåÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ¾¹áõ³ñ¹ س¹³ÃÛ³ÝÁ ¨ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ²ídzáõÕÇÝ»ñÇ áõ "¼í³ñÃÝáó" û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÁª ³é³ç³ñÏ»Éáí, áñ ²ØÜ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ûë áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: Æ å³ï³ë˳Ý, ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ý³Ë³·³ÑÝ ³é³ç³¹ñ»ó, áñ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ²ØÜ ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ USAID-Ç »ñ¨³ÝÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóó ëÏë»Ý:

4. вڲêî²ÜÆ ¾Üºð¶ºîÆÎ ²Üìî²Ü¶àôÂÚàôÜ

Üëï³ßñç³ÝÇ ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ñ, áñÇ ßáõñç ½»ÏáõÛóáí ѳݹ»ë »Ï³í ÐÐ ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ γñ»Ý ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÁ:

Ƶñ¨ ÐÐ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ Ùáï»óáõÙª åñÝ. ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÁ Ýß»ó ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ ¿Ý»ñ·³ÏÇñÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÇ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇϳóáõÙÁ: ²Ûë ÏáÝï»ùëïáõÙ ùÝݳñÏí»óÇÝ Æñ³Ý-г۳ëï³Ý ·³½³ÙáõÕÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÁ, в¾Î-Á, ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïáõ٠ѳÛ-éáõë³Ï³Ý Ð/Ò ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ: ¾Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ù»ñ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»ÉÇë, åñÝ. ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³Ýáñ»Ý ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í ݳ¨ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý µ³ßËÇã ó³Ýó»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñÑÙ³ÝÁ:

Æð²Ü-вڲêî²Ü ¶²¼²ØàôÔ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ í»ñ³å³Ñ ÙÝ³ó ·³½³ÙáõÕÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Ù»ñ ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ Ù»Ïݳµ³Ý»Éáõó: ²ØÜ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ²Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ÊáñÑñ¹Çó æáÝ ¾Éù³ÛݹÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÝ Ç ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ÁݹáõÝáõ٠ܳ˳ñ³ñ ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÇ µ³ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ÜÇëïÇ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÙÛáõë Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ýß»óÇÝ, áñ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ, ²ØÜ-Á ѳٳӳÛÝ ¿ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇϳóÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ: Þ³ñáõݳϻÉáí Çñ ½»ÏáõÛóÁª åñÝ. ¶³ÉëïÛ³ÝÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»ó, áñ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ùï³Í»Ý ·³½³ÙáõÕÇ Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ (41 ÏÙ) ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ¨ Ýß»ó ³Û¹ ³éÃÇí ÙÇ ß³ñù »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ, ûñÇݳϪ âÇݳëï³ÝáõÙ »Õ³Í Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²ØÜ ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÁ ÙÇç³Ùï»óª ³ë»Éáí, áñ 1996 Ã. Ç í»ñ ²ØÜ-áõÙ ·áñÍáÕ ûñ»Ýùáí å³ïųÙÇçáóÝ»ñ »Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ³ÛÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝù Æñ³ÝÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ Ïϳï³ñ»Ý: ²Ûëáõѳݹ»ñÓ, ݳ ³í»É³óñ»ó, áñ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ, »ÉÝ»Éáí ²ØÜ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ß³Ñ»ñÇó, ²ØÜ ä»ïù³ñïáõÕ³ñÝ ûñ»Ýùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í Çñ µ³ó³éÇÏ Çñ³íáõÝùáí ϳñáÕ ¿ ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ ³éç¨, áñ å³ïųÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ãÏÇñ³éí»Ý: úñÇݳÏ, ÝÙ³Ý ¹»åù ³ñ¹»Ý »Õ»É ¿ üñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý îàî²È ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï, áñÝ Æñ³ÝÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ë»ÏïáñáõÙ ³ÛÅÙ Ëáßáñ Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙ áõÝÇ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ¿Ý»ñ·³ÏÇñÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙÁ ¹Çí»ñëÇýÇϳóÝ»É ÷áñÓ»Éáí ѳݹ»ñÓ, г۳ëï³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ³í»ÉÇ Éáõñç áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ Íñ³·ñÇ ÏáÙ»ñóÇáÝ ß³Ñ³í»ïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ù³Ý û ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, ¨ ѳßíÇ ³éÝÇ, áñ Áëï »Õ³Í ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, û’ ³ÛÅÙ Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ éáõë³Ï³Ý ·³½Ç, ¨ û’ ³å³·³Ûáõ٠ݳ˳ï»ëíáÕ Çñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ϳ٠ÃáõñùÙ»Ý³Ï³Ý ·³½Çª г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ í³×³éùÇ ·Ý»ñÁ ϳñÍ»ë û ÉÇÝ»Éáõ »Ý µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñ:

вÚÎ²Î²Ü ²îàزÚÆÜ ¾ÈºÎîð²Î²Ú²Ü. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝ Çñ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»óª ß³ñáõݳϻÉáõ ³ïáٳϳ۳ÝÇ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ³Ùñ³åÝ¹Ù³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳïϳóíáÕ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

¾ÈºÎîð²¾Üºð¶Æ²ÚÆ ²ððàôÂÚ²Ü ´Ü²¶²ì²èàôØ Ð²Ú-èàôê²Î²Ü ÐÒ êîºÔÌàôØ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»ó, û DZÝãáõ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÝ ÁÝïñ»É Ñ»Ýó ѳٳï»Õ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ, ³ÛÉ áã û ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ ³ñï³¹ñáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ í³×³é»ÉÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ìñ³ëï³ÝÝ ¿ ³ÝáõÙ: гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó »ñÏáõ å³ï׳é. (³) ¿Ý»ñ·³ÏÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ è¸-ÇÝ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ å³ñïùÁ; ¨ (µ) ³ÛÝ, áñ èáõë³ëï³ÝÁ, ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿, ÂáõñùdzÛÇÝ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ ¿ í³×³éáõÙª ³ÝÏ³Ë Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ ßñç³Ýó»Éáí Ù»½: ²Ûë å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõ٠DZÝãáõ å»ïù ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÁ ãÓ·ïÇ ã¹³éÝ³É ß³Ñ³í»ï ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñùÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó:

î²ð²Ì²Þæ²Ü²ÚÆÜ Ð²Ø²¶àð̲ÎòàôÂÚàôÜ. î³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáíª Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó ìñ³ëï³ÝÇÝ Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÁ: ²Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÇÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ »Õ³íª Ùï³Í»É ݳ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇó Âáõñùdz ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ ³ñï³Ñ³Ý»Éáõ Ù³ëÇÝ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ¹³ ³Ûëûñ ·ñ»Ã» ³ÝÉáõÍ»ÉÇ ËݹÇñ ¿ª ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¨ ÂáõñùdzÛÇ ÙÇç¨ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ åñáµÉ»ÙÝ»ñÁ:

вڲêî²ÜàôØ êîàð¶ºîÜÚ² ¶²¼²ä²ÐºêîÆ ²ð¸Æ²Î²Ü²òàôØ. ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ BSI Industries (è»ëÃáÝ, ìÇñçÇÝdz) ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ùµ, TDA-Ý ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ 220 ÙÉÝ. Ëáñ. Ù. ëïáñ·»ïÝÛ³ ·³½³å³Ñ»ëïÇ í»ñ³ë³ñù³íáñÙ³Ý áõ ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ï»ËÝÇϳ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»Éáõ ÙÇ Íñ³·Çñ: BSI-Ç Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÁ "гÛéáõë·³½³ñ¹" ö´À-Ý ¿: ²Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÁ ѳٳӳÛÝ »Ý, áñ ³Ûë Íñ³·ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ÐÐ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ëï³Ý¹³ñïÁ ϵ³ñÓñ³Ý³, ¨ ϳå³ÑáííÇ »ñÏñÇ 50-ûñÛ³ ·³½³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý å³ß³ñÇ å³Ñ»ëï³íáñáõÙÁ:

 

 

5. ¸²î²-Æð²ì²Î²Ü ´²ðºöàÊàôØܺð ºì ä²Úø²ð ÎàèàôäòƲÚÆ ¸ºØ

в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ Ó»éùµ»ñí»É, áñ ÐÐ ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ USAID-Ý Ñáõß³·Çñ Ïëïáñ³·ñ»Ý Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáõÙ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: ²Ûë Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇÝ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ »ñÏáõëï»ù Ýß»óÇÝ, áñ ³Û¹ Ðáõß³·ÇñÁ ëïáñ³·ñ»É ¿, ¨ ¹ñ³ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹»Ý Ý»ñ³éí»É »Ý Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñáõÙ:

ÜϳïÇ ³éÝí»ó ݳ¨, áñ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ »Ý ùÝݳñÏ»É ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É »Õ³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ: Üßí»ó, áñ ÐÐ ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ USAID-Ç ÙÇç¨ ·áñÍáÕ öáËÁÙµéÝÙ³Ý Ðáõß³·ÇñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëáõÙ ¿, áñ USAID-Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñÇ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ¸³ï³Ï³Ý γï³ñ³ÍáõÝ»ñÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ (¸ÎÌ): ØdzųٳݳÏ, ÝÙ³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëå³ëíáõ٠ݳ¨ гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇó: ÜÇëïáõÙ ÝϳïÇ ³éÝí»ó, áñ ¸ÎÌ-Ý Çñ ³éç¨ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍ»É µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï áõÃÛ³Ùµ, ¨ ³Û¹ å³ï׳éáí ³ñ¹»Ý ϳñáÕ³ó»É ¿ Ññ³Å³ñí»É Çñ»Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý áñáß Ï³ï»·áñdzݻñÇó: Üßí»ó ݳ¨, áñ »ÉÝ»Éáí ³Û¹ å³ÑÇóª USAID-Ç Ï³å³É³éáõ Chemonics ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÛÅÙ ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ ¸ÎÌ-Ç ¨ гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ Ñ»ïª ë³ÑٳݻÉáõ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³í»É Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ áÉáñïÝ»ñÝ áõ Ëáõë³÷»Éáõ ¹áÝáñ³Ï³Ý ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏáõÙÇó:

ÜÇëïÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ëϽµáõÝù³ÛÇÝ ùÝݳñÏáõ٠ͳí³Éí»ó ÏáéáõåódzÛÇ ËݹñÇ ßáõñç: ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ Ñ³Ùá½Ù³Ùµ, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉáõ ѳٳñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Ý³Ë ³Ýѳßï å³Ûù³ñ ͳí³ÉÇ ÏáéáõåódzÛÇ ¹»Ù: ²ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ ¿, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳïáõÏ ù³ÛÉ»ñ ÏÓ»éݳñÏǪ ³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ï³ÏáéáõåóÇáÝ Íñ³·ÇñÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ·áñͳ¹ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:

ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÁ »Ýó¹ñáõÙ ¿, áñ ³Ûë ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ý»ñ³é»Ý ëïáñ¨ µ»ñíáÕ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ¨ ݳ¨ ãë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí»Ý ¹ñ³Ýóáí.

§ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñáí³Ýáõ Ý»ñùá, ѳϳÏáéáõåóÇáÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñáí ½µ³ÕíáÕ Ñ³ïáõÏ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ËÙµÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ;

§ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñïáݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ;

§ ÐÐ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ¨ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻóáõÙª ÇÝãå»ë ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ê³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ;

§ ø³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³é³çÙÕáõÙ;

§ ²ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ËÙµÇ Ï³Ù Ù³ñÙÝÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ, áñÁ Ïѳٳϳñ·»ñ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ:

в²Ê 2-ñ¹ ÝÇëïÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ, ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ï³ÏáéáõåóÇáÝ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³ïáõÏ ½»ÏáõÛóáí ѳݹ»ë »Ï³í ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ¸³íÇà гñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³ÝÁ: äñÝ. гñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³ÝÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó ³½·³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïÇ Ï³ï³ñ»É³·áñÍÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ: Üßí»ó ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ·áÑáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó ͳí³Éí³Í µ³ó, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã æá æáÝëÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»ó Ùáï ³å³·³ÛáõÙ ºñ¨³Ý ·áñÍáõÕ»É ²ØÜ ÷áñÓ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ÃÇÙ, áñÁ ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïí³ñÇ ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ܶÜ-Ç ¨ ÐÐ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ³ÛÉ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ (³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇݪ ºíñ³ÙÇáõÃÛ³Ý áõ гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ) Ñ»ï ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁª ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ï³ÏáéáõåóÇáÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇÝ ³ç³Ïó»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ¸ñ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïí»ó ³ÛÝ, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ³í³ñï»É ¿ ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ áõ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳÛï³ñ³ñ³·ñÙ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ, ¨ áñ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Ûë ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙÝ ³ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ ¿ 2000 Ã. ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ:

 

6. ÎðÎܲÎÆ Ð²ðÎàôØÆò Êàôê²öºÈàô زêÆÜ ä²Úزܲ¶Æð

ºñÏáõëï»ù Ç ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ ÁݹáõÝí»ó, áñ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¿ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ÐРѳñϳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÇÝ: Üßí»ó, áñ ³Û¹ ÷³Ã»ÃÝ ³ÛÅÙ áõëáõÙݳëÇñíáõÙ ¿ ²ØÜ üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïáõÙ: ºÉÝ»Éáí áñ¨¿ »ñÏñÇ Ñ»ï »ñÏÏáÕ٠ѳñϳÛÇÝ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ ëïáñ³·ñ»Éáõ Ù³ëÇÝ ²ØÜ-áõÙ ·áñÍáÕ Ï³ñ·Çóª ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ï»Õ»Ï³óñ»ó, áñ ѳñóÝ ³é³çÙÕ»Éáõ 3 ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. (³) ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ óáõÛó ï³, áñ Çñ ѳñϳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ϳÛáõÝ ¿; (µ) áñ »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ï³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ä³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ÉáõÍáõÙ Ïëï³Ý³Ý; ¨ (·) áñ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ·áñͳñ³ñ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ ä³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ ëïáñ³·ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí³Í »Ý:

7. ÆÜîºÈºÎîàô²È êºö²Î²ÜàôÂÚ²Ü ä²Þîä²ÜàôÂÚàôÜ, ÐÐ ²Ü¸²Ø²ÎòàôÂÚàôÜÜ ²èºìîðÆ Ð²Ø²ÞʲðвÚÆÜ Î²¼Ø²ÎºðäàôÂÚ²ÜÀ, ºì ÐРβè²ì²ðàôÂÚ²Ü úðºÜê¸ð²Î²Ü ¶ºð²Î²ÚàôÂÚàôÜܺðÀ

в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ëï»ÕÍí»É ¨ ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ Ñ³ÝÓݳËáõÙµ, áñÇ ËݹÇñÝ ¿ª û·Ý»É г۳ëï³ÝÇݪ í»ñ³½ÝÝ»Éáõ »ñÏñáõÙ ÆÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É ê»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ä³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý (Æêä) Ý»ñϳ íÇ׳ÏÁ, ¨ ë³ÑٳݻÉáõ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·Çñ, áñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí г۳ëï³ÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É û’ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ åñ³ÏïÇϳÛÇ, ¨ û’ ²ØÜ-Ç Ñ»ï Çñ »ñÏÏáÕÙ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳӳÛݳ·ñÇ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ²Ûë ËÙµáõÙ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ·»ñ³ï»ëãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý ²ØÜ ²é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý Ü»ñϳ۳óáõóãÇ ¶ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ (USTR) ¨ ÐÐ ²é¨ïñÇ áõ ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

ÜÇëïÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ, USTR-Ç ³é³ç³ñÏáí ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí»óÇÝ, áñ 2000 Ã. ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³Ý ÏųٳÝÇ ²ØÜ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÃÇÙª Æêä ѳñó»ñáõÙ Ù»ñ γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:

ÐÐ ²é¨ïñÇ ¨ ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ü³Ë³ñ³ñ γñ»Ý ÖßÙ³ñÇïÛ³ÝÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó ²é¨ïñÇ Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³ÝÝ (²ÐÎ) ³Ý¹³Ù³Ïó»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñÁª Ýß»Éáí, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÝ Çñ ³Ý¹³Ù³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÏÝϳÉáõÙ ¿ ³ñ¹»Ý ÇëÏ 2000 Ã. ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ: USTR-Á áÕçáõÝ»ó г۳ëï³ÝÇ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓݳéáõ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ ¨ Ýß»ó, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÝ ÁݹÑáõå Ùáï»ó»É ¿ ²ÐÎ ³Ý¹³Ù³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇÝ: úñÇݳÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ, ûÏáõ½, ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ¨ ÇÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ áÉáñïáõÙ: ²Ûëáõѳݹ»ñÓ, USTR-Ç Ï³ñÍÇùáí, г۳ëï³ÝÁ ¹»é¨ë ³ß˳ï³Ýù áõÝÇ ï³Ý»Éáõ ²ÐÎ ³Ý¹³Ù³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: USTR-Ç Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÁ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñ·áí, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏáõÙ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ÐÐ ²é¨ïñÇ ¨ ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ü³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁª ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:

USTR-Ç Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ·ïÝíáÕ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ³éáõÙáí, Ù»ñ ûñ³Ï³ñ·Á Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ áã ÙdzÛÝ ²é¨ïñÇ Ð³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Î³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ³Ûɨ ѳÛ-³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý »ñÏÏáÕÙ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý é»ÅÙÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ñ³ñó»ñ:

§ USTR-Ç Ùáï áñáß Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝ Ï³, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ ÉdzñÅ»ùáñ»Ý ãÇ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ²é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý гñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ 1992 Ã. ѳÛ-³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·ñÇó µËáÕ Çñ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: ¸ñ³ ѻ勉Ýùáí ϳñáÕ ¿ ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ϳñáÕ ¿ ³éÝí»É Ù»ñ Ýϳïٳٵ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý GSP ѳٳϳñ·áí ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³·³ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ: Üßí»ó, áñ ¹»é¨ë в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ Ó»éùµ»ñí»É, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇÝ㨠2000 Ã. ÑáõÝÇëÇ 9-Á ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ï÷á˳ÝóÇ Çñ Æêä åñ³ÏïÇϳÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ÝùÁ: Æ ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ ÁݹáõÝí»ó ݳ¨, áñ ÑáõÝÇëÇ 9-ÇÝ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Û¹ ï»Õ»Ï³ÝùÁ å³ïß³× Ï»ñåáí, ì³ßÇÝ·ïáÝáõÙ ÐÐ ¸»ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí ÷á˳Ýó»É ¿ USTR-Ç ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ ݳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿ñ: USTR-Ç Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇñÁ ï»Õ»Ï³óñ»ó, áñ ³ÛÅ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ýϳïٳٵ GSP ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ »ñϳñ³Ó·Ù³Ý ѳñóÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñíáõÙ ¿ USTR-Ç GSP-Ç »ÝóÏáÙÇï»áõÙ:

§ USTR-Ç Ï³ñÍÇùáí, г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïáõÙ áã µáÉáñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÝ »Ý, áñ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ »Ý WTO-Ç å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ: úñÇݳÏ, ²ÐÎ ³Ý¹³Ù³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÝï»ùëïáõÙ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÁݹáõÝ³Í áñáß Ýáñ ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ ¹»é å»ïù ¿ ³å³Ñáíí»Ý ·áñͳ¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÝ»ñáí: ²ß˳ï³Ýù ϳ ݳ¨ ѳϳٻݳßÝáñѳÛÇÝ áõ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ: гïϳå»ë, í»ñçÇÝÇë ѳٳñÅ»ùáõÃÛáõÝÁ ²ÐÎ ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇÝ ¹»é å»ïù ¿ ѳí³ëïdzóíÇ, ¨ ³Ù»ñÇϳóÇÝ»ñÁ ϳñÍáõÙ »Ý, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý é»ÅÇÙÁ ¹»é¨ë å»ïù ¿ Éñ³óíÇ áñáß ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ»ñáí, áñáÝù ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý »ñÏñáõÙ Æê-Á ÉdzñÅ»ùáñ»Ý å³ßïå³Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ:

 

8. ²ØÜ ²èºìîð²Î²Ü ºì ܺð¸ðàôزÚÆÜ Ìð²¶ðºðÀ вڲêî²ÜàôØ

²ØÜ ²Ü¸ðÌàìÚ²Ü Ø²êܲìàð ܺð¸ðàôØܺðÆ Îàðäàð²òƲ (OPIC). ØÇÝ㨠³Ûëûñ, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ OPIC-Á »ñÏáõ ³Ùáõñ ѳÝÓݳéáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É. $18 ÙÉÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõ٠سñÇáÃ-²ñÙ»ÝdzÛÇÝ; ¨ $ 600 ѽ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý éÇëÏÇ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙª ȨáÝ Âñ³í»ÉÇÝ: ØdzųٳݳÏ, OPIC-Ý ³Ûëûñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ¨ë 13 ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý ݳ˳·Í»ñ ¿ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ: ²Ûë ݳ˳·Í»ñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ »Ý ÐÐ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ë»ÏïáñÝ»ñ Áݹ·ñÏáÕ 12 Íñ³·ñǪ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ, ÏáÙáõÝÇϳódzݻñÇ, ïáõñǽÙÇ, ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ: Üßí³Í Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ, г۳ëï³ÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ½·³ÉÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ³ÏÝϳɻÉ: OPIC-Ý ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ùµ »Ýó¹ñíáÕ ¨ë »ñÏáõ Íñ³·ñÇ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóª Ù»ÏÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõëÁª ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ:

²ØÜ ²èºìîðÆ ºì ¼²ð¶²òØ²Ü ¶àð̲βÈàôÂÚàôÜ (TDA). в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇó Ç í»ñ, TDA-Ý ³ñ¹»Ý ѳëóñ»É ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ $ 250 ѽ ¹áɳñÇ Ù»Ï ·ñ³Ýï ѳëï³ï»É:

вڲêî²ÜàôØ Þ²ø²ðÆ ²ð¸Úàôܲ´ºðàôÂÚ²Ü ìºð²Î²Ü¶ÜàôØ. ì»ñÁ Ýßí³Í $ 250 ѽ ·ñ³ÝïÁ ѳïϳóí»É ¿ êåÇï³Ï/¶ÛáõÙñÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ Ýáñ ß³ù³ñÇ é³ýÇݳóÙ³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ Íñ³·ñÇ ï»ËÝÇϳ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙÁ å³ïñ³ëï»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ¶ñ³ÝïÇ Ñ³ïϳóÙ³ÝÝ û·Ý»É ¿ ѳïϳå»ë ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ (³) ß³ù³ñÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙÁ Ù»ñ γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿; (µ) áñ ¹³ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ Ýí³½»óÝ»É Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ù³ñÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙÇó, ¨ ÏËݳÛÇ »ñÏñÇ ëáõÕ ï³ñ³¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÁ; (·) áñ ³ÛÝ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ ëï»ÕÍ»É Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ; ¨ (¹) Ïí»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óíÇ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

²¶ðà´Æ¼Üºê ºì ²¶ðàîàôðƼØ. TDA-Ç Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Íñ³·ñÇ Ý»ñùá, г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³·ñáµÇ½Ý»ëÇ 5 Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã, ìñ³ëï³ÝÇ áõ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ ÝáõÛÝ Ãíáí ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ, ²ØÜ-áõÙ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÙ »Ý ³·ñáµÇ½Ý»ëÇ ÏáÙ»ñódzɳóÙ³Ý ÷áñÓÁ: TDA-Á ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³·ñáµÇ½Ý»ëÇ ¨ ³·ñáïáõñǽÙÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ (·ÇÝáõ ѳÙï»ëáõÙ, Bed & Breakfast îáõñǽÙ) ËáëïáõÙݳÉÇó Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñ áõÝÇ, ¨ áñ ³Û¹ áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ ²ØÜ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ»ñ»É:

ú¸²ÚÆÜ ºðºìºÎàôÂÚ²Ü ìºð²ÐêÎàôØ. TDA-Á ݳ¨ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿ ìñ³ëï³Ýáõ٠ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í û¹³ÛÇÝ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏÙ³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ íñ³ ÁݹɳÛÝ»Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

¶²¼Æ ä²Ðºêî²ð²ÜÆ ²ð¸Æ²Î²Ü²òàôØ. TDA-Ý ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ ÙÇ ï»ËÝÇϳ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳßí³ñÏÇ ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ, áñÇ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ª г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É ·³½Ç å³Ñ»ëï³íáñÙ³Ý »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ѳëϳÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ³Ûë Íñ³·ÇñÁ Ïûè³óÝÇ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, ݳ¨ ·ïÝáõÙ »Ý, áñ Íñ³·ÇñÁ å»ïù ¿ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ½ÝÝíǪ Üáñ³ÝÏ³Ë å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýå³ïٳٵ ²ØÜ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó:

вڲêî²ÜàôØ úî²ðºðÎðÚ² ܺð¸ðàôØܺðÆÜ ÜìÆðì²Ì ¶àð̲ð²ð ÊàðÐð¸²ÄàÔàì. в²Ê ÝÇëï»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ, ѳÝÓÇÝ TDA-Ç ïÝûñ»Ý æá ¶ñ³Ý¹Ù»½áÝÇ, å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³µ»ñ»É Ù»ñ γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁª 2001 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇÝ ÜÛáõ Úáñùáõ٠ϳ۳ݳÉÇù ¶áñͳñ³ñ ÊáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇ Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ëïÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÝóϳóÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ: ²Ûë ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ²ØÜ ì³ñã³Ï³½ÙÇ (öáËݳ˳·³Ñ ¶áñ) ¨ гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý (д ܳ˳·³Ñ ìáõÉý»ÝëáÝ) Ñ»ï Éñçáñ»Ý ùÝݳñÏí»É ¿ ßáõñç Ù»Ï ï³ñÇ ³é³ç: ܳËÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÁ å»ïù ¿ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí»ñ ÈáݹáÝáõÙ, 2000 Ã. ³ßݳÝÁ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³ÛÅ٠ݳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É 2001 Ã. Ù³ÛÇëÇÝ, ÜÛáõ ÚáñùáõÙ: TDA-Á, гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ·áñÍáÕ ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ üÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Îáñåáñ³ódzÛÇ (IFC) Ñ»ï ѳٳï»Õ, ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿, û ÇÝã É³í³·áõÛÝ Ó¨áí ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ç³Ïó»É ÊáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇ ³ÝóϳóÙ³ÝÁ: سëݳíáñ³å»ë, TDA-Ý IFC-ÇÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É ¿ Ùß³Ï»É Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³·Í»ñÝ áõ åñáëå»ÏïÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³ß˳ï»É г۳ëï³ÝÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í ÃÇÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ëáñ³óí³Í ¹³ëÁÝóóÝ»ñ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: TDA-Á å³ïñ³ëï ¿ ³ç³Ïó»É г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ Ý³¨ ýÇݳÝë³å»ëª ѳÝÓÝ ³éÝ»Éáí í׳ñ»É ÊáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇÝ ÐÐ ÃÇÙÇ Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ëïÙ³Ý áõ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í µáÉáñ ͳËë»ñÁ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ×³Ý³å³ñѳͳËëÝ áõ Ï»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ݳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿, áñ ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇÝ ËáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý ³é³ù»ÉáõÃÛ³Ùµ г۳ëï³Ý ϳÛó»ÉÇ TDA/IFC ѳٳï»Õ å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

9. ÆÜüàðزòÆàÜ îºÊÜàÈà¶Æ²Üºð

в²Ê 2-ñ¹ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³×³Ë ùÝݳñÏí³Í ѳñó»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ ¿ñ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë в²Ê ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ý³Ë³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áÕçáõÝ»ó µáÉáñáíÇÝ í»ñç»ñë ÜÛáõ ÚáñùáõÙ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³Ù»ñÇÏ³Ñ³Û ·áñͳñ³ñ ê»Ù êÇÙáÝÛ³ÝÇ ÙÇç¨ ëïáñ³·ñí³Í гٳӳÛݳ·ÇñÁ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Æî ë»ÏïáñáõÙ ³ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ ¿, áñ ÏÉÇÝÇ ³é³çÇÝ Éáõñç ͳí³ÉÇ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÁ:

¸»ëå³Ý »ÛÉáñÁ Ýß»ó, áñ в²Ê ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ð³Ù³Ý³Ë³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ, TDA-Ç ¨ ²ØÜ ²é¨ïñÇ ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳï»Õ, ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ ѳݹÇå»É ³Ù»ñÇÏ³Ñ³Û Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñݪ Ëñ³Ëáõë»Éáí Ýñ³Ýó Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É г۳ëï³ÝÇ Æî ë»ÏïáñáõÙ: Æ Ñ³í»ÉáõÙÝ, í»ñç»ñë гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏÝ áõ USAID-Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»É »Ý ÐÐ Æî áÉáñïÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ÙÇ Ýáñ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ: ²ØÜ-Á, ¨ ¹áÝáñ ѳÝñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë, ѳٳӳÛÝ »Ý, áñ Æî ë»ÏïáñÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³·ñ³íÇãÝ ¿ª ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ »ñÏáõ å³ï׳éáí. ݳË, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ áñ³ÏÛ³É Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅ; ¨ »ñÏñáñ¹ª г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ÙÇÝÇÙ³É Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý áõÝÇ »ñÏñÇ ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ïáõë³óí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó:

²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ²ñٻݻÉÇ Ù»Ý³ßÝáñÑÁ Ù»Í ËáãÁݹáï ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ áñ¨¿ ³×Ç åɳݳíáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ ÝϳïáõÙ ¿, áñ ²ñٻݻÉÇ µçç³ÛÇÝ Ï³åÇ Ù»Ý³ßÝáñÑÁ ¹»é¨ë ß³ñáõݳϻÉáõ ¿ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÙÝ³É ¨ë 5 ï³ñÇ, ÇëÏ Ñ»é³Ëáë³ÛÇÝÁª ¨ë 10 ï³ñÇ: в²Ê ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ý³Ë³·³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÍÇùáí, Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÁ ݳ¨ µ³ó³ë³µ³ñ ¿ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ»É ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñÇ íñ³ª ûñÇݳÏ, Ñ»é³Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·Í»ñÇ ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ, áñáÝù ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý ³×Ç Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ü»ñϳÛÇë, ϳåÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 1000 ³Ý·³Ù µ³ñÓñ ¿ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³ÝÇó: Àëï ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇ, »Ã» ÐÐ Æî ë»ÏïáñÁ Ýå³ï³Ï áõÝÇ ·Éáµ³É Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É, ³å³ г۳ëï³ÝÝ Çñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Ñ»ÝÇ ó³Íñ ·Ý»ñÇ íñ³: ø³ÝÇ ¹»é ²ñٻݻÉÇ íÇ׳ÏÁ ãÇ ßïÏí»É, ¹Åí³ñ ÏÉÇÝÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É, áñ Æî ë»ÏïáñÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¹³éݳ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ:

в²Ê ÝÇëï»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ Ýßí»ó ݳ¨ ³ÛÝ, áñ гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏÝ ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ µÇ½Ý»ë ÇÝÏáõµ³ïáñ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙÁ: Àëï ³Ûë ݳ˳·ÍÇ, Íñ³·ÇñÁ ϳé³í³ñí»Éáõ ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ÷áñÓ áõÝ»óáÕ Æëñ³Û»É³Ï³Ý ÙÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó: ܳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿, áñ Íñ³·ñÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ïëï»ÕÍíÇ equity fund, áñÁ ë»ñÙݳÛÇÝ Ï³åÇï³É ϳå³ÑáíÇ: üáݹÁ ÏÝ»ñ³éÇ Ý³¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñ: ²Ûë Íñ³·ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ áñ¨¿ áñáßáõ٠д-Á ¹»é¨ë ãÇ ÁݹáõÝ»É:

 

10. êî²Ü¸²ðîܺð ºì êºðîÆüÆβòàôØ

в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ²ØÜ êï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇ ¨ î»ËÝáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÆÝëïÇïáõïÁ (NIST) ëï³Ý¹³ñï³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñ¹³ßݳϻóÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ÙÇ »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ݳ˳ӻéÝ»É: ¸ñ³ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ NIST-Á, ²ØÜ ²é¨ïñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³ÛÅÙ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÙ ¿ ³Ûë ï³ñí³ í»ñçÇÝ (ѳí³Ý³µ³ñ, ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÇÝ) ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý ë»ÙÇݳñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÇÝ ÏÙ³ëݳÏó»Ý Ðñí. ÎáíϳëÇ µáÉáñ »ñ»ù »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ëï³Ý¹³ñï³óÙ³Ý áÉáñïÇ å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñÁ: ܳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿, áñ Ùáï ³å³·³ÛáõÙ NIST-Ý ³í»ÉÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÏÝ»ñϳ۳óÝÇ Íñ³·ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É:

11. ºð²ÞîÆ Ðºîºì²ÜøܺðÆ ìºð²òàôØ

гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÇ Ëݹñ³Ýùáí, USAID-Ç Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÁ ½»Ïáõó»ó г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ »ñ³ßïÇ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ²ØÜ-Çó ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ëï³ïáõëÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: Àëï ½»ÏáõóáÕÇ (æ»ññÇ úµ»ñݹáñý»ñ, ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ²ØÜ ¸»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ), ËݹÇñÁ ¹»é áõëáõÙݳëÇñíáõÙ ¿, ¨ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÇ áõ Ó¨»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõ٠ϳ½Ù»Éáõ ѳٳñ ²ØÜ-Á ëå³ëáõÙ ¿ زÎ-Ç ä³ñ»ÝÇ ¨ ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Î³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý (FAO) ¼»ÏáõÛóÇÝ: ²Ûëáõѳݹ»ñÓ, ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇ Ñ³í³ëïdzóٳٵ, ³Ûëûñ ³ñ¹»Ý ØdzóÛ³É Ü³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñÁ å³ïñ³ëï »Ý Ñ³Û³ëï³ÝÛ³Ý ý»ñÙ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É $ 600 ѽ ѳïáõÏ í³ñϪ 1600 ïáÝݳ ³ßݳݳó³ÝÇ ë»ñÙ³óáõ ·Ý»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:

 

12. òàðºÜÆ ºì ¶²¼Æ 1996 Â. Ìð²¶ðºðÆ ²àô¸ÆîÀ

USAID-Ç ÷áËϳé³í³ñÇã æáñç ÆÝ·ñ³ÙÁ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»ó ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁª ·³½Ç ¨ óáñ»ÝÇ 1996 Ã. Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³áõ¹ÇïÇ ·áñÍáõÙ ë»ñï ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ·ñ³Ýóí³Í ³é³çÁÝóóÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: Üßí»ó, áñ ѳßí»ïáõ ųٳݳϳßñç³ÝáõÙ USAID-Ý ³Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÙÇ ß³ñù ѳݹÇåáõÙÝ»ñ áõ ùݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ, áñáÝó ÁÝóóùáõÙ »ñÏáõ ³áõ¹ÇïÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¿É ëï³ó»É ¿ ѳí»ÉÛ³É ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: AID-Ç ºñ¨³ÝÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ ³Ûë ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ óñ·Ù³Ý»É, í»ñ³½ÝÝ»É ¨ ÷á˳Ýó»É ¿ USAID-Ǫ ²áõ¹ÇïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñóáí î³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ¶É˳íáñ î»ëãÇÝ: AID-Ç ºñ¨³ÝÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ áõ ²áõ¹ÇïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñóáí î³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ¶É˳íáñ î»ëáõãÁ, ÐÐ üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ áõ ¿ÏáÝáÙÇϳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇ ¨ USAID-Ç Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳï»Õ, ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë ѳñóÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ: äñÝ. ÆÝ·ñ³ÙÁ Ýß»ó, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ ²ØÜ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï³Ï³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ѳٳñ ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ ¿, áñ ³áõ¹ÇïÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÝ ³Ù÷á÷í»Ý 2001 Ã. ÁÝóóùáõÙ: гÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ åñÝ. ÆÝ·ñ³ÙÇ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó Ç ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:

13. ÐÐ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ Ø²ð¸²Ð²Ø²ðÆ ²ÜòβòàôØ

в²Ê 1-ÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ Ó»éùµ»ñí»É, áñ USAID-Ý ÏùÝݳñÏÇ ³ÛÉ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳï»Õ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³ç³Ïó»Éáõ ѳñóÁª ³½·³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñ¹³Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝóϳóÝ»Éáõ ·áñÍáõÙ: ²é³ç³ñÏí»É ¿ñ ݳ¨, áñ ³Û¹ ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹ÇÙáõÙ ÑÕÇ USAID-ÇÝ: Ü»ñϳ ÝÇëïÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ÝϳïÇ ³éÝí»ó, áñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝÙ³Ý ¹ÇÙáõÙ ³ñ¹»Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»É ¿ USAID-ÇÝ: ì»ñçÇÝÇë ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ùµ, ²ØÜ Ø³ñ¹³Ñ³Ù³ñÇ ´ÛáõñáÛÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÝ û·áëïáëÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý»É »Ý ºñ¨³Ýª ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ëÏë»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: Üßí»ó, áñ ³ÛÅÙ ÐÐ ä»ï³Ï³Ý ìÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ̳é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ÐÐ üÇÝݳÝëÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¿ÏáÝáÙÇϳÛÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ »Ý ²ØÜ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í öáËÁÙµéÝÙ³Ý Ðáõß³·ÇñÁ: ²é³í»É, ²ØÜ-Á ¹ÇÙ»É ¿ ³ÛÉ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹áÝáñÝ»ñǪ ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ ·ïÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, ûñÇݳÏ, ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ûñÇÝ³Ï ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñÁ, áñáÝù ²ØÜ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ñá·³É:

14. 2001 Â. вڲêî²ÜÆÜ ²ØÜ úIJܸ²ÎàôÂÚ²Ü ÐÆØÜ²Î²Ü àôÔÔàôÂÚàôÜܺðÀ

Üëï³ßñç³ÝÇ ³í³ñïÇÝ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»ó 2001 ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ï³ñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ ²ØÜ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.

§ êáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ¨ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»Ýë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ;

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Armen Kharazian C:\My Documents\…\USATF Second Session Report.doc

вìºÈì²Ì 1

THE FIRST SESSION OF THE USATF MAY 8-9, 2000

Press Statement by Richard Boucher, Spokesman, US Department of State May 9, 2000

The inaugural session of the U.S.-Armenia Task Force on Economic Reform was held today in Yerevan, Armenia. The Task Force is designed to enable the Governments of the United States and Armenia to coordinate better their efforts to promote economic cooperation and assist Armenia in its transition to a market economy. Vice President Gore and the late Armenian Prime Minister, Vazgen Sargsyan, agreed to establish such a mechanism when the two leaders met in Washington last September.

The U.S. delegation was led by Ambassador William Taylor, the Coordinator of Assistance to the New Independent States, and included representatives from the Departments of Commerce and Treasury, the Trade Development Agency, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the National Security Council. The Armenian delegation was led by Minister of Finance and Economy Levon Barkhudaryan and also included interagency representation.

During its daylong session in Yerevan, the Task Force focused primarily on three issues: improving private sector development, combating corruption, and discussing Armenia's energy needs. Ambassador Taylor will provide a report on the session's conclusions, recommendations and follow-on plans to Vice President Gore. The second session of the Task Force will be held this fall, probably in the United States.

TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

· US Assistance for FY 2000

· Fiscal Policy, Double Taxation Treaty

· Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies, Interest Rates

· Financial Reform

· Privatization

· Information Technology Opportunities

· Legislation Priorities

· Trade and Investment

· Intellectual Property Rights

· Standards and Certification

· Anti-Corruption Program

· Civil Service Reform

· Dates and Place of next USATF Meetings

RESULTS

· USAID will consider assisting the Government of Armenia in its work on a national Census along with other donors. Once the corresponding report is received (expected in a week), the Government [of Armenia] will provide a formal request for assistance to USAID, which will enable more detailed discussion.

· There will be a follow-up discussion with the USG on the possibility of providing financing for hiring a legal consultant for Electricity Distribution Company privatization.

· USAID will have a separate meeting next week with the Ministry of Finance and Economy during which the issues related to the 1996 wheat and gas assistance audit will be discussed.

· Ministry of Justice of Armenia will countersign Memorandum of Assistance in legal issues.

· There will be a follow-up discussion on possible assistance in court decisions on investment.

· The Government of Armenia will make its best efforts to submit an IPR brief by the June 9 deadline to clarify its eligibility for the Generalized System of Preferences.

· Department of Commerce will work to facilitate the operations of International Tax and Investment Center to advise on Tax and Investment Policy issues.

· Ministry of Finance and Economy of Armenia will share with the [US] Embassy [in Yerevan] relevant information on tax legislation, and once the reform strategy is finalized, the procedures needed to start discussions on Double Taxation Treaty will be launched, assuming interest by US industry.

· USAID will consider possible assistance in Customs Administration reform once the Diagnostic Study in the sphere is properly analyzed.

· USAID envisions enhanced efforts in Securities Market assistance once the respective law is adopted.

· USAID will reconsider its assistance in the Privatization sphere and suggest respective changes to make it more effective or to direct it to other activities.

· A working group will be established to review the current situation with the protection of intellectual property rights and to define actions necessary to bring Armenia into compliance with international practice and its bilateral trade agreement with the United States.

· To set up preliminary dates of next meeting in the ten days of September 2000, in Washington, DC.

 

 

 

/S/ Ambassador William Taylor Coordinator of Assistance to NIS US Department of State

/S/ Levon Barkhudaryan Minister of Finance and Economy Republic of Armenia

вìºÈì²Ì 2

US-ARMENIA JOINT ECONOMIC TASK FORCE:

THE FOUNDING DOCUMENT

January 27, 2000, Yerevan

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Armenia,

Recognizing the need to provide a framework for regular high-level contacts and to promote further economic cooperation and to advance progress on economic and market reforms and to maximize the effectiveness of the assistance programs offered by the United States, express their intention to cooperate through a United States-Armenia Task Force (USATF).

1. The USATF will have the following purposes and characteristics.

1.1. A dedication to deepening bilateral economic cooperation, expanding economic growth in Armenia, and to maximizing the effectiveness of the US assistance programs for Armenia;

1.2. To serve as a forum for raising, discussing and resolving issues between the two governments relating to economic and market reforms and bilateral assistance between the two governments, to reduce bureaucratic obstacles to cooperation, and to create an efficient mechanism for resolving important issues with the minimum of delay;

1.3. To address problems which arise in the process of preparing intergovernmental agreements on trade, economic, scientific and technological cooperation and the implementation of existing agreements;

1.4. To examine and develop long-term programs to promote the development of the private sector through the establishment of direct industrial contacts, joint ventures and the promotion of investments in new technologies;

1.5. To develop, coordinate and implement programs for regional economic integration and cooperation;

1.6. To exchange information concerning bilateral economic, trade, and scientific and technological cooperation.

2. Areas of Cooperation for the USATF.

2.1. The USATF will focus on the following relevant areas of cooperation:

2.1.1. Economic development, macroeconomic and finance issues

2.1.2. Structural reform and private sector development

2.1.3. Democratic reform and social transition issues

2.1.4. US assistance programs

2.1.5. Regional integration and cooperation

2.1.6. Business investment

2.1.7. Combating corruption

2.1.8. Strategies for future development and refocusing of assistance efforts

2.1.9. Development policies in the earthquake zone of Armenia

2.2. The USATF will not deal with political, security or defense related issues at this time.

2.3. The areas of cooperation for the USATF may be expanded by mutual consent of both countries.

3. Working Procedures for the USATF

3.1. The USATF will carry out its work by convening sessions of a Joint Task Force.

3.2. A formal meeting of the Joint Task Force should be convened not less than two times each calendar year, alternating between Washington and Yerevan, with special sessions of working groups held as needed. Each side may request that a special session be held to deal with emergencies on priorities issues that demand attention before the next scheduled session.

3.3. The USATF will be chaired - on the US side by the Coordinator for US Assistance to the New Independent States, US Department of State, or his or her delegee, and on the Armenian side - by the Minister of Finance, or his or her delegee. Each side will appoint up to five permanent members to the USATF. The Chair of each side will notify these appointments in writing to the other Chair. Additional non-permanent members may be added as needed for specific agendas or sessions of the USATF.

3.4. When determined as appropriate by the respective Chairmen of the USATF, working groups can be established to address specific issues or problems.

3.5. The USATF will conduct sessions in accordance with adopted agendas as agreed to in advance by the respective Chairman.

3.6. The USATF will present regular reports on its activities to the Vice President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Armenia.

In forming this Joint Task Force, both sides note that achieving the above goals will depend upon US and Armenian cooperation in the effective implementation of US assistance programs, the creation of a fair and transparent legal and regulatory environment inside Armenia and Armenia’s commitment to market-oriented reform.

Done in Yerevan, on January 27, 2000, in two original copies, each of them in the English and Armenian languages.

 

 

 

For the Government of the United States of America /S/ William Taylor Coordinator for Assistance to the NIS US Department of State

For the Government of the Republic of Armenia /S/ Levon Barkhudaryan Minister of Finance Republic of Armenia

 

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